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<Text-field style="Title" layout="Title">Het getal van Euler</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Author" layout="Author">Bijlage bij  <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">Handleiding Maple 10</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
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<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Inleiding</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Ga steeds op de rode inputregel staan en druk op Enter.</Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Stijl van het werkblad</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Dit werkblad heeft een aangepaste stijl (met Format-Styles). Gekozen is voor het font Arial.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Verder zijn de Section Ranges en Group  Ranges onzichtbaar gemaakt (met o.a. View-Show Section Ranges).</Text-field>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">In dit werkblad (worksheet), gemaakt in Maple 10 Classic Worksheet, wordt uiteengezet hoe het getal van Euler tot stand komt. </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">
Dit getal wordt gebruikt als grondtal voor de natuurlijke logaritme <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="ln(x)">NiMtJSNsbkc2IyUieEc=</Equation> .
<Font encoding="UTF-8">en als grondtal voor de natuurlijke exponenti\303\253le functie </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="exp(x)">NiMtJSRleHBHNiMlInhH</Equation>. 
</Text-field>
<Section collapsed="true" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 2" layout="Heading 2">Formule van Euler</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Ook wordt dit getal gebruikt in de formule van Euler:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="2D Comment" layout="Normal256"><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="cos(phi)+i*sin(phi) = exp(i*phi)">NiMvLCYtJSRjb3NHNiMlJHBoaUciIiIqJiUiaUciIiItJSRzaW5HNiMlJHBoaUciIiIiIiItJSRleHBHNiMqJiUiaUciIiIlJHBoaUciIiI=</Equation></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Section>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">De numerieke waarde van dit getal is:</Text-field>
<Group labelreference="L2" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">restart; exp(1)=evalf(exp(1));</Text-field>
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</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1"><Font encoding="UTF-8">De exponenti\303\253le functie</Font></Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L3" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">Teken in \303\251\303\251n figuur de grafieken van </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="a^x = 2^x">NiMvKSUiYUclInhHKSIiIyUieEc=</Equation> en  <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="y = 1+x">NiMvJSJ5RywmIiIiIiIiJSJ4RyIiIg==</Equation>. 
Er zijn twee snijpunten van deze grafieken zo te zien, namelijk de punten (0,1) en (1,2) .</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L4" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot([2^x,1+x],x=-1..2,thickness=[1,2]);</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font encoding="UTF-8">We gaan nu achtereenvolgens de exponenti\303\253le functies tekenen: </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="b^x">NiMpJSJiRyUieEc=</Equation>, <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="c^x">NiMpJSJjRyUieEc=</Equation>, <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="d^x">NiMpJSJkRyUieEc=</Equation>, en ten slotte <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="exp(x)">NiMtJSRleHBHNiMlInhH</Equation>. 
<Font encoding="UTF-8">Deze exponenti\303\253le functies zullen de eigenschap hebben dat de snijpunten van hun grafiek met de lijn </Font><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="y = 1+x">NiMvJSJ5RywmIiIiIiIiJSJ4RyIiIg==</Equation> steeds dichter bijelkaar komen te liggen.</Text-field>
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</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field bookmark="grondtal" style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Het berekenen van het grondtal</Text-field></Title>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"><Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">Stel</Font> de snijpunten van <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="b^x">NiMpJSJiRyUieEc=</Equation> en de lijn <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="y = x+1">NiMvJSJ5RywmJSJ4RyIiIiIiIiIiIg==</Equation> zijn nu (0,1) en (<Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="1/5, 1+1/5">NiQqJiIiIkYkIiImISIiLCZGJEYkRiNGJA==</Equation>). </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Er moet dan voor het snijpunt de volgende vergelijking gelden. </Text-field>
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<Input>
<Text-field style="2D Comment" layout="Normal256"><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="b^(1/5) = 1+1/5">NiMvKSUiYkcqJiIiIiIiIiIiJiEiIiwmIiIiIiIiKiYiIiIiIiIiIiYhIiIiIiI=</Equation></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">De vergelijking kan opgelost worden met <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">b</Font> als onbekende waarbij direct daarna de berekende waarde wordt toegekend aan <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">b</Font>.</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L6" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">fsolve(b^(1/5) = 6/5,{b}); assign(%);</Text-field>
</Input>
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<Group labelreference="L7" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Dit systeem zetten we voort zodat de grafiek van <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="c^x">NiMpJSJjRyUieEc=</Equation> de lijn in het punt (<Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="1/10, 1+1/10">NiQqJiIiIkYkIiM1ISIiLCZGJEYkRiNGJA==</Equation>) snijdt.
De grafiek van <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="d^x">NiMpJSJkRyUieEc=</Equation> snijdt de lijn <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="y = x+1">NiMvJSJ5RywmJSJ4RyIiIiIiIiIiIg==</Equation>  in het punt  (<Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="1/100, 1+1/100">NiQqJiIiIkYkIiQrIiEiIiwmRiRGJEYjRiQ=</Equation>). 
De volgende vergelijkingen moeten opgelost worden waarna onmiddelijk de toekenningen worden gedaan voor <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">c</Font> en <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">d</Font>.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="c^(1/10) = 1+1/10">NiMvKSUiY0cqJiIiIiIiIiIjNSEiIiwmIiIiIiIiKiYiIiIiIiIiIzUhIiIiIiI=</Equation>      </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"> <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="d^(1/100) = 1+1/100">NiMvKSUiZEcqJiIiIiIiIiIkKyIhIiIsJiIiIiIiIiomIiIiIiIiIiQrIiEiIiIiIg==</Equation> </Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L8" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">fsolve(c^(1/10)=1+1/10,{c});assign(%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L9" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">fsolve(d^(1/100)=1+1/100,{d});assign(%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L10" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Met pen en papier en rekenmachine bijvoorbeeld een dergelijke vergelijking oplossen, zou als volgt gaan: </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="c^(1/10) = 1+1/10">NiMvKSUiY0cqJiIiIiIiIiIjNSEiIiwmIiIiIiIiKiYiIiIiIiIiIzUhIiIiIiI=</Equation>     </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Links en rechts tot de macht 10 verheffen:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256">     <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="c = (1+1/10)^10">NiMvJSJjRyokKSwmIiIiIiIiKiYiIiIiIiIiIzUhIiIiIiIiIzUiIiI=</Equation></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Met de rekenmachine <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">c</Font> uitrekenen:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"> <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="c = Float(2593742460, -9)">NiMvJSJjRy0lJkZsb2F0RzYkIitnQ3UkZiMhIio=</Equation></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Nu de waarden van <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">b</Font>, <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">c</Font> en <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">d</Font><Font encoding="UTF-8"> bekend zijn, kunnen de grafieken van de exponenti\303\251le functies getekend worden.
</Font>De lijn <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="y = x+1">NiMvJSJ5RywmJSJ4RyIiIiIiIiIiIg==</Equation> blijft onveranderd.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L11" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot([b^x,c^x,d^x,x+1],x=-1..1,thickness=[1,1,1,2]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Section collapsed="false" MultipleChoiceAnswerIndex="-1" MultipleChoiceRandomizeChoices="false" TrueFalseAnswerIndex="-1" EssayAnswerRows="5" EssayAnswerColumns="60"><Title>
<Text-field bookmark="Euler" style="Heading 1" layout="Heading 1">Het getal van Euler</Text-field></Title>
<Group labelreference="L12" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Laat nu de snijpunten van de grafiek van <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="exp(x)">NiMtJSRleHBHNiMlInhH</Equation> en <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="1+x">NiMsJiIiIiIiIiUieEciIiI=</Equation>  elkaar heel dicht naderen en stel het tweede snijpunt: (<Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="1/n, 1+1/n">NiQqJiIiIkYkJSJuRyEiIiwmRiRGJEYjRiQ=</Equation>). </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256"><Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="exp(1/n) = 1+1/n">NiMvLSUkZXhwRzYjKiYiIiIiIiIlIm5HISIiLCYiIiIiIiIqJiIiIiIiIiUibkchIiIiIiI=</Equation>      </Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal257" layout="Normal257">Links en rechts tot de macht <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="1/n">NiMqJiIiIiIiIiUibkchIiI=</Equation> verheffen.</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal256" layout="Normal256">   <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="exp(1) = (1+1/n)^n">NiMvLSUkZXhwRzYjIiIiKSwmIiIiIiIiKiYiIiIiIiIlIm5HISIiIiIiJSJuRw==</Equation></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Voor <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="proc (n) options operator, arrow; infinity end proc">NiNmKjYjJSJuRzciNiQlKW9wZXJhdG9yRyUmYXJyb3dHNiIlKWluZmluaXR5RzYiNiI2Ig==</Equation> krijg je de limietwaarde van het getal <Font bold="true" style="Text" family="Arial" size="11">e</Font><Font style="Text" family="Arial" size="11"> </Font>dat de volgende eigenschap heeft:</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">de grafiek van <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="exp(x)">NiMtJSRleHBHNiMlInhH</Equation> <Font style="Text" family="Arial" italic="true">raakt</Font> de grafiek van de lijn <Equation executable="false" style="2D Comment" input-equation="y = 1+x">NiMvJSJ5RywmIiIiIiIiJSJ4RyIiIg==</Equation>  in het punt (0,1).</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L13" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">Limit((1+1/n)^n,n=infinity):%=value(%);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L14" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">plot([exp(x),1+x],x=-2..2,thickness=[1,2]);</Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L15" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field prompt="&gt; " style="Maple Input" layout="Normal">with(plots): f:=a^x; achtergrond:=plot(x+1,x=-2..2,color=blue,linestyle=2):animate(plot,[f,x=-2..2],a=2..exp(1),thickness=2,background=achtergrond);</Text-field>
<Text-field style="Text" family="Arial" layout="Normal" alignment="centred"><Font family="Arial">Klik op de grafiek en zet de animatie in werking.</Font></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Section>
<Group labelreference="L16" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal"></Text-field>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Zie ook in de helpfunctie <Hyperlink linktarget="Help:limit" hyperlink="true"><Font style="Hyperlink" family="Arial">limieten</Font></Hyperlink></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
<Group labelreference="L17" drawlabel="true">
<Input>
<Text-field style="Normal" layout="Normal">Ga naar de paragraaf <Hyperlink linktarget="Wks:#Euler" hyperlink="true"><Font style="Hyperlink" family="Arial">Het getal van Euler</Font></Hyperlink></Text-field>
</Input>
</Group>
</Worksheet>